Asian Journal of Bio Science

T. Bikshapathi ¹, A. Srinivas Reddy ¹, M. Estari ¹, M. Krishna Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 Reproductive Physiology Unit, Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal (A.P.), IN

Abstract

Changing trends in body weights in children is important for public health policy. It can be said that children in developing countries presently suffer from double jeopardy of malnutrition. Urban children are afflicted with problems of over-nutrition while rural and slum children suffer from effects of undernutrition. To determine changing trends in nutritional status, body-mass index and obesity in school children aged 11-17 years are considered. All children being admitted in a government school in Warangal, Andhra Pradesh were evaluated in the year 2007 and 2008. Height was measured using a standard tape and weight was measured using a well-calibrated sprig balance. 442 school children were examined in the year 2007 and 374 in the year 2008 in classes 6^th to 12^th. There is an increasing trend in height, weight and BMI with increasing age in both the 2007 and 2008 years. In the year 2007, 11% were overweight and 5% were obese while in the year 2008, 10% were overweight and 6% were obese. Overweight corresponding to adult BMI of 25 to 29.9 kg/m² was present in 2% school children in both the examinations while the prevalence of obesity corresponding to adult BMI of >30 kg/m² was present in very small number (0.2% and 0.3%). At all the age groups there was a high prevalence of wasting in both examination, in 2007 wasting was present in 36.4% school children and in the year 2008 in 26.2% school children. There was a significant decline in prevalence of wasting from the year 2007 (36.4%) to the year 2008 (26.2%). The above results stated the need of urgent dietary intervention programme. Further studies are required to investigate into problem and to supplement the key nutrient which is required to ensure a good nutritional status in children.

Keywords

Prevalence, Body Mass Index, Obesity, Under Nutrition and Malnutrition.

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B. Satheesh Kumar ¹, M. Krishna Reddy ², M. S. K. Prasad ¹, A. V. N. Appa Rao ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal (A.P.), IN
2 Department of Zoology, University College, Kakatiya University, Warangal (A.P.), IN
3 University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal (A.P.), IN

Abstract

Progesterone is important for initiation and maintenance of pregnancy (hormone of pregnancy).The discovery that in the absence of progesterone, pregnancy cannot be initiated or maintained provided the basis for a massive effort of synthesis of antiprogestin molecules to develop emergency contraceptive pills. By the consequences, till date few progesterone antagonists (antiprogestins) have been synthesized which bind to and block the progesterone receptor. However, none of the antiprogestins are “pure” antiprogestins, having marked antiglucocorticoid properties as well, especially at higher doses. Thus the search for the “ideal” progesterone antagonist continues. The main objective of the present work is to evaluate antiprogestin activity of progesterone analogue, 14 β- hydroxy progesterone. A pregnane glycoside, carumbelloside-I (3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-beta-Dglucopyranosyl- 3beta,14beta-dihydroxypregn-5-en-20-one) was isolated from the n-butanolic extract of Caralluma umbellata (Asclepiadaceae) and was modified to a structural analog of progesterone, 14 β- Hydroxy progesterone (14β- OHP) in just two simple steps. Anti-implantation and abortifacient activities of the compound have been studied to evaluate its antiprogestin activity. To study the anti-implantation effect, pregnant wistar strain albino rats were administered with 14β-OHP (daily dose of 5 mg/Kg body weight) intraperitoneally from the day 1to day 7 of pregnancy. On day 10, laparotomy was performed under light ether anesthesia. The uteri were examined to determine the number of implantation sites. The abdomens were sutured and the animals were allowed to go on term. The number of young born at term was also recorded. The abortifacient activity was studied in another group of pregnant rats. The animals were treated with 14β- OHP (5 mg/Kg body weight daily) intraperitoneally from day 8 to 12of pregnancy. They were sacrificed on day 19 of pregnancy. Both horns of uterus were observed for the number of live fetuses. The compound showed about 44.23% anti-implantation and 62% of abortifacient effect at their corresponding dose levels tested. The results indicated the antiprogestin activity of 14 β- hydroxy progesterone in albino rats.

Keywords

14β- OHP, Anti-Implantation, Abortifacient, Antiprogestin and Contraceptive.

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M. Anil Kumar ¹, M. Krishna Reddy ¹, , M. Sarangapani ²

Affiliations
1 Reproductive Physiology Unit, Kakatiya University, Warangal (A.P.), IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal (A.P.), IN

Abstract

The present study has been proposed to evaluate the antifertility activity of novel hetercyclic compound in male albino rats. The ethyl 1-(5-chloro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylideneamino)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-oxo-6-phenyl pyrimidine -5-carboxylate compound has been found to possess significant antifertility effect in rats. Intraperitonial treatment of this compound (3mg/kg b.wt/day) for 21 days did not cause any effect on body weight. The weights of testis, cauda epididymis, seminal vesicles and ventral prostate were reduced significantly. Sperm suspension was obtained from cauda epididymis to calculate the sperm count, sperm motility sperm abnormality and fertility rate. There was a significant decrease in sperm count, sperm motility, fertility rate and a significant increase in sperm abnormality. The histological picture of testis is almost normal but the number of sperms were decreased and clumping of sperms were observed in the epididymal lumen and epithelial lining also shows degenerative changes.

Keywords

Heterocyclic Compound, Gonadosomatic Index, Fertility, Cauda Epididymis.

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